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general description the MAXQ3212 microcontroller is a low-power, 16-bitrisc device that incorporates an analog comparator and a high-current i/o pin for directly driving an led. the device is uniquely suited for cost-conscious appli- cations such as battery-powered devices, system moni- tors, and white goods, but can be used in any application that requires high performance and low- power operation. the high-performance 16-bit risc maxq core and 8-bit accumulators are comple- mented by standard amenities such as timers and digi-tal i/o. the power consumption per mips ratio is among the best in the 16-bit microcontroller industry. applications gas and chemical sensorsenvironmental systems battery-powered and portable devices electrochemical and optical sensors industrial control home appliances features ? high-performance, low-power, 16-bit risc coredc to 3.58mhz operation, approaching 1mips per mhz +5v ?0% operationup to 15 general-purpose i/o pins 33 instructions, most single-cycle two independent data pointers accelerate data movement with automatic increment/decrement two loop counters4-level hardware stack 16-bit instruction word, 16-bit data bus 16 x 8-bit accumulators 16 x 16 general-purpose working registers optimized for c compiler (high-speed/density code) jtag-like debug/visibility port ? program and data memory1kword eeprom program memory, mask rom for high-volume applications 128 bytes eeprom data memory60,000 eeprom write/erase cycles 64 bytes sram data memory in-system programming ? peripheral features16-bit programmable timer/counter with prescaler high-current i/o pin suitable for led drive programmable watchdog timer selectable power-fail reset power-on reset (por) wake-up timer internal 8khz ring oscillator ? flexible programming interfacebootloader simplifies programming in-system programming through jtag supports in-application programming of eeprom memory ? ultra-low-power consumption2.7? stop mode current (typ) low-power divide-by-256 mode ? analog featuresanalog comparator uses internal or external voltage reference +2.5v reference output available MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver ______________________________________________ maxim integrated products 1 rev 0; 5/06 for pricing, delivery, and ordering information, please contact maxim/dallas direct! at 1-888-629-4642, or visit maxim? website at www.maxim-ic.com. maxq is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. note: some revisions of this device may incorporate deviations from published specifications known as errata. multiple revisions of any device may be simultaneously available through various sales channels. for information about device errata, go to: www.maxim-ic.com/errat a . typical operating circuit and ordering information appear at end of data sheet. pin configuration 2423 22 21 20 19 18 17 12 3 4 5 6 7 8 cmpi/p0.5int/p0.6 led/p0.7 tdi/p1.0 t2p/p0.2 cmp0/p0.3 v ref /p0.4 gnd top view reset/p1.1tms/p1.2 v dd v dd p1.5 p1.6 p0.0 t2pb/p0.1 1615 14 13 9 1011 12 n.c.gnd n.c. gnd hfxout hfxin tck/p1.3 tdo/p1.4 pdip/tssop MAXQ3212 downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver 2 _____________________________________________________________________ absolute maximum ratings electrical characteristics(v dd = v dd(min) to v dd(max) , c vdd = 10? + 0.1?, t a = -40? to +85?. typical values are at t a = +25?.) (note 1) stresses beyond those listed under ?bsolute maximum ratings?may cause permanent damage to the device. these are stress ratings only, and functional operation of the device at these or any other conditions beyond those indicated in the operational sections of the specifications is not implied. exposure to absolute maximum rating conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability. voltage range on any digital i/o pin relative to ground ........................................ -0.5v to (v dd + 0.5v) voltage range on any analog i/o pin relative to ground...................................-0.5v to (v dd + 0.5v) voltage range on v dd relative to ground ...........-0.5v to +6.0v continuous output current (any single i/o pin) .................25ma continuous output current (all i/o pins combined) ...........25ma operating temperature range ...........................-40? to +85? storage temperature range .............................-65? to +150? soldering temperature .......................................see ipc/jedec j-std-020 specification parameter symbol conditions min typ max units supply voltage v dd 4.5 5.0 5.5 v power-fail reset v rst 4.15 4.6 v i dd1 /1 mode, sysclk = f hfxin (note 2) 7.3 10.5 i dd2 /2 mode, sysclk = f hfxin / 2 (note 2) 4.6 7.0 i dd3 /4 mode, sysclk = f hfxin / 4 (note 2) 3.3 4.7 i dd4 /8 mode, sysclk = f hfxin / 8 (note 2) 2.6 3.9 i dd5 pmm1 mode, sysclk = f hfxin / 256 (note 2) 2.0 3.0 active current i dd6 8khz ring mode (note 2) 0.7 1.3 ma i stop1 brownout detector off, wake-up timer on,t a = +50?, v dd = 5.5v (note 3) 2.7 20 i stop2 brownout detector off, wake-up timer on,t a = +25? 2.7 10 stop-mode current i stop3 brownout detector on, wake-up timer on,t a = +25? 48 75 ? reset pullup r rst v rst = 0.4v, v dd = 5.5v 102 150 250 k internal voltage reference voltage reference output v refo i source = 50? max, i sink = 50? max 2.44 2.5 2.56 v regulated voltage settling time t refo turn on to 0.1% of final v refo value (note 3) 1.2 ms input common-mode voltage v refi input 0 v dd - 1.5 v input current i refi input 1 na downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver _____________________________________________________________________ 3 electrical characteristics (continued)(v dd = v dd(min) to v dd(max) , c vdd = 10? + 0.1?, t a = -40? to +85?. typical values are at t a = +25?.) (note 1) parameter symbol conditions min typ max units analog voltage comparator input offset voltage v os -11 +11 mv input common-mode voltage v cmr 0 v dd - 1.5 v common-mode rejection ratio cmrr (note 3) 55 db response time f hfin = 3.58mhz, comparator on, comparator reference at (v dd - 1.5) / 2 while cmpi transitions from gnd to(v dd - 1.5) in approximately 2ns 0.14 + t clcl 0.6 + t clcl ? comparator mode change tooutput valid f hfin = 3.58mhz, ? v = 20mv 0.8 1.6 ? dc input-leakage current t a = +25? -50 1.0 +50 na digital i/o and oscillator input high voltage:px.x and hfxin v ih xtrc = 0/1 0.85 x v dd v input low voltage:px.x and hfxin v il xtrc = 0/1 0.15 x v dd v output high voltage: px.x v oh i source = 4ma 0.85 x v dd v output low voltage: px.x(except p0.7) v ol i sink = 4ma 0.4 v output low voltage: p0.7 v ol1 i sink = 10ma 0.4 v input low current (all ports) i l input mode with weak pullup disabled -1 +1 ? input low current (all ports) i l input mode with weak pullup active,v il = 0.4v, v dd = 5.5v -31 -50 ? clock sources external crystal 1 3.58 external-clock frequency f hfin external oscillator 0 3.58 mhz internal ring oscillator f ro 8 khz jtag programming tck frequency f tck jtag programming (note 3). sysclk is a function of f hfxin and the clock divisor; see the i ddx parameters above 0 sysclk / 8 mhz memory characteristics (note 3) ja = +85? 15,000 eeprom write/erase cycles ja = +25? 60,000 cycles eeprom data retention 10 years note 1: specifications to -40? are guaranteed by design and are not production tested. note 2: measured on the v dd pin with v dd = 5.5v, f hfxin = 3.58mhz, program eeprom contains checkerboard, and not in reset. note 3: specification guaranteed by design but not production tested. downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver 4 _____________________________________________________________________ typical operating characteristics (t a = +25?, unless otherwise noted.) digital supply current vs. clock frequency MAXQ3212 toc01 f hfxin (mhz) i dd1 (ma) 3 2 1 1 2 3 4 5 0 0 t a = -40 c t a = +85 c v dd = +5.0v clock source driven on hfxin p0/p1 low-output voltage vs. sink current MAXQ3212 toc02 v ol (v) i ol (ma) 1 5 10 15 20 25 0 02 v dd = +5.0v f hfxin = 3.58mhz t a = -40 c t a = +85 c t a = +25 c p0.7 low-output voltage vs. sink current MAXQ3212 toc02 v ol (v) i ol (ma) 1 5 10 15 20 25 0 02 v dd = +5.0v f hfxin = 3.58mhz t a = -40 c t a = +85 c t a = +25 c analog comparator delay MAXQ3212 toc04 50ns/div cmpi 5v/div 5v/div cmpo downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver _____________________________________________________________________ 5 pin description pin name function 1, 13, 15 gnd ground 2v ref /p0.4 voltage reference input/output or general-purpose, digital i /o, type d port. this pin functions as either the output of the internal voltage reference or as a bidirectional i/o. this pin can also be driven with an externalvoltage to provide an optional voltage reference. the pin defaults to a digital input with a weak pullup after a reset. 3 cmp0/p0.3 analog voltage comparator output or general-purpose, digita l i/o, type d port. this pin functions as either the output of the analog voltage comparator or as a bidirectional i/o. the pin defaults to a digital input with a weak pullup after a reset. 4 t2p/p0.2 timer 2 input/output or general-purpose, digital i/o, typ e d port. this pin functions as either the input or output of timer 2 or as a bidirectional i/o. the pin defaults to a digital input with a weak pullup after a reset. 5 t2pb/p0.1 secondary timer 2 input/output or general-purpose, digital i/o, type d port. this pin functions as either the secondary output of timer 2 or as a bidirectional i/o. the pin defaults to a digital input with a weak pullupafter a reset. 6 p0.0 general-purpose, digital i/o, type d port. this pin functions as a bidirectional i/o, and defaults to a digital input with a weak pullup after a reset. 7 p1.6 general-purpose, digital i/o, type d port. this pin functions as a bidirectional i/o, and defaults to a digital input with a weak pullup after a reset. 8 p1.5 general-purpose, digital i/o, type d port. this pin functions as a bidirectional i/o, and defaults to a digital input with a weak pullup after a reset. 9 tdo/p1.4 d e b u g po r t si g n a l t d o or g e n e r a l - pu r p o s e , di g it a l i/ o , t y p e d po r t . thi s p i n functi ons as ei ther the td o si g nal of the d eb ug p or t or as a b i d i r ecti onal i/o . the p i n d efaul ts to a d i g i tal i np ut w i th a w eak p ul l up after a r eset. 10 tck/p1.3 d e b u g po r t si g n a l t c k or ge n e r a l - pu r p o s e , d i g i t a l i /o , t y p e d po r t . thi s p i n functi ons as ei ther the tc k si g nal of the d eb ug p or t or as a b i d i r ecti onal i/o . the p i n d efaul ts to a d i g i tal i np ut w i th a w eak p ul l up after a r eset. 11 hfxin oscillator input. connect an external crystal or resonator between hfxin and hfxout for system clock generation. when using a crystal, a load capacitor of approximately 22pf must be connected between this pinand ground. alternatively, hfxin is the input for an external clock source when hfxout is floating. downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver 6 _____________________________________________________________________ pin description (continued) pin name function 12 hfxout o s c il la t o r o u t p u t /i n p u t . c onnect an exter nal cr ystal or r esonator b etw een h fx in and h fx ou t as the system cl ock. w hen usi ng a cr ystal , a l oad cap aci tor of ap p r oxi m atel y 22p f m ust b e connected b etw een thi s p i n and g r ound . al ter nati vel y, fl oat h fx ou t w hen an exter nal hi g h- fr eq uency cl ock sour ce i s connected to the h fx in p i n. 14, 16 n.c. no connection 17, 18 v dd digital power. this pin should be connected to a bypass capacitor to ground. 19 tms/p1.2 d e b u g po r t si g n a l t m s or ge n e r a l - pu r p o s e , d i g i t a l i /o , t y p e d po r t . thi s p i n functi ons as ei ther the tm s si g nal of the d eb ug p or t or as a b i d i r ecti onal i/o. the p i n d efaul ts to a d i g i tal i np ut w i th a w eak p ul l up after a r eset. 20 reset /p1.1 active-low reset input or general-purpose, digital i/o, ty pe d port. this pin defaults to the reset input mode of operation following a por. the reset input mode can be deactivated and the digital i/o mode enabledby programming the rstd bit to 1. 21 tdi/p1.0 d e b u g po r t si g n a l t d i or ge n e r a l - pu r p o s e , d i g i t a l i /o , t y p e d po r t . thi s p i n functi ons as ei ther the td i si g nal of the d eb ug p or t or as a b i d i r ecti onal i/o . the p i n d efaul ts to a d i g i tal i np ut w i th a w eak p ul l up after a r eset. 22 led/p0.7 high-current (sink) driver output or general-purpose, digital i/o, type d port. this pin functions with a high-current pulldown to drive a device such as an led or as a bidirectional i/o. the pin defaults to a digitalinput with a weak pullup after a reset. 23 int/p0.6 external edge-selectable interrupt or general-purpose, digital i/o, type d port. this pin functions as either an external edge-selectable interrupt or as a bidirectional i/o. the pin defaults to a digital input with aweak pullup after a reset. 24 cmpi/p0.5 analog voltage comparator input or general-purpose, digita l i/o, type d port. this pin functions as either the input to the analog voltage comparator or as a bidirectional i/o. the pin defaults to a digital input with aweak pullup after a reset. downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver _____________________________________________________________________ 7 detailed description the following is an introduction to the primary featuresof the microcontroller. more detailed descriptions of the device features can be found in the data sheets, errata sheets, and user? guides described later in the additional documentation section. maxq core architecture the MAXQ3212 is a low-cost, high-performance,cmos, fully static, 16-bit risc microcontroller with eeprom and an analog comparator. it is structured on a highly advanced, 8-bit accumulator-based, 16-bit risc architecture. fetch and execution operations are completed in one cycle without pipelining, because the instruction contains both the op code and data. the result is a streamlined 3.58 million instructions-per-sec- ond (mips) microcontroller. a 4-level hardware stack, enabling fast subroutine call- ing and task switching, supports the highly efficient core. data can be quickly and efficiently manipulated with three internal data pointers. multiple data pointers allow more than one function to access data memory without having to save and restore data pointers each time. the data pointers can automatically increment or decrement before or after an operation, eliminating the need for software intervention. as a result, the applica- tion speed is greatly increased. instruction set the instruction set is composed of fixed-length, 16-bitinstructions that operate on registers and memory loca- tions. the instruction set is highly orthogonal, allowing arithmetic and logical operations to use any register along with the accumulator. special-function registers control the peripherals and are subdivided into register modules. the family architecture is modular, so that new devices and modules can often reuse code devel- oped for existing products. the architecture is transport-triggered. this means that writes or reads from certain register locations can trig- ger other associated operations. these operations form the basis for the higher-level instructions defined by the assembler, such as addc, or, jump, etc. the op codes are actually implemented as move instructions between certain register locations, while the assembler handles the encoding, which need not be a concern to the programmer. the 16-bit instruction word is designed for efficient exe- cution. bit 15 indicates the format for the source field of the instruction. bits 0 to 7 of the instruction represent the source for the transfer. depending on the value of the format field, this can either be an immediate value or a source register. if this field represents a register, the lower four bits contain the module specifier and the upper four bits contain the register index in that module. bits 8 to 14 represent the destination for the transfer. this value always represents a destination register, with the lower 4 bits containing the module specifier functional diagram 1kword eeprom (program) 128b eeprom (data) maxq10 risc core (16 x 8-bit accumulators) watchdog timer power reduction/clock generation por 5v jtag 64b sram (data) comparator 16-bit timer/counter with prescaler gpio high-current led driver external crystal/ external oscillator/ external rc or resonator MAXQ3212 downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver 8 _____________________________________________________________________ and the upper 3 bits containing the register subindexwithin that module. any time that it is necessary to directly select one of the upper 24 index locations in a destination module, the prefix register pfx is needed to supply the extra destination bits. this prefix register write is inserted automatically by the assembler and requires only one additional execution cycle. memory organization the device incorporates several memory areas: 2kwords of utility rom 1kwords of eeprom for program storage 128 bytes of eeprom for data storage 64 bytes of sram for storage of temporary variables 4-level stack memory for storage of program return addresses and general-purpose use the memory is arranged by default in a harvard archi-tecture, with separate address spaces for program and data memory. a special pseudo-von neumann memory mode allows data memory to be mapped into program space, permitting code execution from data memory. this places the utility rom, code, and data memory into a single contiguous memory map. this is useful for applications that require dynamic program modification or unique memory configurations. in addition, another mode allows program memory to be mapped into data space, permitting code constants to be accessed as data memory. the incorporation of eeprom for program storage allows the devices to be reprogrammed, eliminating the expense of throwing away one-time programmable devices during development and field upgrades. eeprom can be pass- word protected with a 16-word key, denying access to program memory by unauthorized individuals. 1k x 16 program memory program space data space (byte mode) data space (word mode) 0000h 03ffh 2k x 16 utility rom 87ffh 64 x 16 eeprom a020h 8000h a05fh 4k x 8 utility rom 8fffh 8000h0040h 00bfh 2k x 16 utility rom 87ffh 8000h 32 x 16 sram a000h a01fh 128 x 8 eeprom 0000h 003fh 64 x 8 sram 0020h 005fh 64 x 16 eeprom 0000h 001fh 32 x 16 sram executing from figure 1. memory map downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver _____________________________________________________________________ 9 stack memory a 16-bit-wide internal stack provides storage for pro-gram return addresses and general-purpose use. the stack is used automatically by the processor when the call, ret, and reti instructions are executed and interrupts serviced. the push, pop, and popi instruc- tions can also be used explicitly to store and retrieve data to/from the stack. for the MAXQ3212, the stack is four levels deep. on reset, the stack pointer, sp, initializes to the top of the stack (03h). the call, push, and interrupt-vector- ing operations increment sp, then store a value at the stack location pointed to by sp. the ret, reti, pop, and popi operations retrieve the value at the stack location pointed to by sp, and then decrement sp. utility rom the utility rom is a block of internal memory that startsat address 8000h. the utility rom consists of subrou- tines that can be called from application software. these include: in-system programming (bootloader) over jtag interface in-circuit debug routines test routines (internal memory tests, memory loader, etc.) user-callable routines for in-application eeprom programming and fast table lookup routines within the utility rom are user-accessible andcan be called as subroutines by the application soft- ware. more information on the utility rom contents is contained in the user? guide for this device. some applications require protection against unautho- rized viewing of program code memory. for these applications, access to in-system programming or in- circuit debugging functions is prohibited until a pass- word has been supplied. the password is defined as the 16 words of physical program memory at address- es x0010h to x001fh. a single password lock (pwl) bit is implemented in the sc register. when the pwl is set to one (power-on reset default), the password is required to access the utility rom, including in-circuit debug and in-system programming routines that allow reading or writing of internal memory. when pwl is cleared to zero, these utilities are fully accessible without the password. thepassword is automatically set to all zeros following a mass erase. an additional code lock bit set from the bootloader prevents any access to the device, even through the password. the device must be erased by the mass erase operation to clear the code lock bit before the device can be reprogrammed. programming the microcontroller? eeprom can be programmed bytwo different methods: in-system programming and in- application programming. both methods afford great flexibility in system design as well as reduce the life- cycle cost of the embedded system. in-system pro- gramming can be password protected to prevent unauthorized access to code memory. in-system programming an internal bootloader allows the device to be reloadedover a simple jtag interface. as a result, system soft- ware can be upgraded in-system, eliminating the need for a costly hardware retrofit when software updates are required. remote software uploads are possible that enable physically inaccessible applications to be fre- quently updated. the interface hardware can be a jtag connection to another microcontroller, or a connection to a pc serial port using a serial-to-jtag converter. if in- system programmability is not required, a commercial gang programmer can be used for mass programming. activating the jtag interface and sending the system programming instruction invokes the bootloader. setting the spe bit to 1 during reset through the jtag interface executes the bootloader-mode program that resides in the utility rom. when programming is com- plete, the bootloader can clear the spe bit and reset the device, allowing the device to bypass the utility rom and begin execution of the application software. optionally, the bootloader can be invoked by the appli- cation code. the following bootloader functions are supported: ?oad dump crc verify erase downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver 10 ____________________________________________________________________ in-application programming the in-application programming feature allows themicrocontroller to modify its own program memory from its application software. this allows on-the-fly software updates in mission-critical applications that cannot afford downtime. alternatively, it allows the application to develop custom loader software that can operate under the control of the application software. the utility rom contains user-accessible programming functions that erase and program memory. these functions are described in detail in the user? guide for this device. register set most functions of the device are controlled by sets ofregisters. these registers provide a working space for memory operations as well as configuring and address-ing peripheral registers on the device. registers are divided into two major types: system registers and peripheral registers. the common register set, also known as the system registers, includes the alu, accu- mulator registers, data pointers, interrupt vectors and control, and stack pointer. the peripheral registers define additional functionality that may be included by different products based on the maxq architecture. this functionality is broken up into discrete modules so that only the features required for a given product need to be included. the following tables show the MAXQ3212 register set. note that the accumulators are 8 bits wide for this device. table 1. system register map note: names that appear in italics indicate that all bits of a register are read-only. names that appear in bold indicate that a register is 16 bits wide. registers in module ap are bit addressable. module name (base specifier) register index ap (8h) a (9h) pfx (bh) ip (ch) sp (dh) dpc (eh) dp (fh) 0xh ap a[0] pfx[0] ip 1xh apc a[1] pfx[1] sp 2xh a[2] pfx[2] iv 3xh a[3] pfx[3] offs dp0 4xh psf a[4] pfx[4] dpc 5xh ic a[5] pfx[5] gr 6xh imr a[6] pfx[6] lc0 grl 7xh a[7] pfx[7] lc1 bp dp1 8xh sc a[8] grs 9xh a[9] grh axh a[10] grxl bxh iir a[11] bp[offs] cxh a[12] dxh a[13] exh ckcn a[14] fxh wdcn a[15] downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver ____________________________________________________________________ 11 table 2. system register bit functions register bit register 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ap ap (4 bits) apc clr ids mod2 mod1 mod0 psf z s gpf1 gpf0 ov c e ic cgds ins ige imr ims im1 im0 sc tap rod pwl iir iis ii1 ii0 ckcn xt/ rc rgsl rgmd stop swb pmme cd1 cd0 wdcn por ewdi wdif wtrf ewt rwt a[n] (0..15) a[n] (8 bits) pfx pfx (16 bits) ip ip (16 bits) sp sp (2 bits) iv iv (16 bits) lc[0] lc[0] (16 bits) lc[1] lc[1] (16 bits) offs offs (8 bits) dpc wbs2 wbs1 wbs0 sdps1 sdps0 gr gr.15 gr.14 gr.13 gr.12 gr.11 gr.10 gr.9 gr.8 gr.7 gr.6 gr.5 gr.4 gr.3 gr.2 gr.1 gr.0 grl gr.7 gr.6 gr.5 gr.4 gr.3 gr.2 gr.1 gr.0 bp bp (16 bits) grs gr.7 gr.6 gr.5 gr.4 gr.3 gr.2 gr.1 gr.0 gr.15 gr.14 gr.13 gr.12 gr.11 gr.10 gr.9 gr.8 grh gr.15 gr.14 gr.13 gr.12 gr.11 gr.10 gr.9 gr.8 grxl gr.7 gr.7 gr.7 gr.7 gr.7 gr.7 gr.7 gr.7 gr.7 gr.6 gr.5 gr.4 gr.3 gr.2 gr.1 gr.0 bp[offs] fp (16 bits) dp[0] dp[0] (16 bits) dp[1] dp[1] (16 bits) downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver 12 ____________________________________________________________________ table 3. system register bit reset values register bit register 15 14 13 12 11 10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 ap 00000000 apc 00000000 psf 10000000 ic 00000000 imr 00000000 sc 10iii0s0 iir 00000000 ckcn sss00000 wdcn ss000ss0 a[n] (0..15) 00000000 p f x 0000000000000000 i p 1000000000000000 s p 0000000000000011 i v 0000000000000000 lc[0] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 lc[1] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 offs 00000000 d p c 0000000000000000 g r 0000000000000000 grl 00000000 b p 0000000000000000 g r s 0000000000000000 grh 00000000 grxl 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 bp[offs] 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 d p 0 0000000000000000 d p 1 0000000000000000 note: bits marked with an ??have an indeterminate value upon reset. bits marked with an ??have special behavior upon reset. refer to the maxq family user? guide: maxq3210/MAXQ3212 supplement for more details. downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver ____________________________________________________________________ 13 table 4. peripheral register map module name (base specifier) register index m0 (x0h) m1 (x1h) m2 (x2h) 0xh po0 cmpc 1xh po1 2xh 3xh 4xh t2cna 5xh t2h 6xh t2rh 7xh eie0 t2ch 8xh pi0 t2cnb 9xh pi1 t2v axh t2r bxh t2c cxh dxh pwcn exh wutc fxh wut module name (base specifier) register index m0 (x0h) m1 (x1h) m2 (x2h) 10xh pd0 t2cfg 11xh pd1 12xh 13xh 14xh ken0 15xh ken1 16xh 17xh 18xh 19xh 1axh 1bxh icdf 1cxh 1dxh 1exh 1fxh note: names that appear in italics indicate that all bits of a register are read-only. names that appear in bold indicate that a register is 16 bits wide. downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver 14 ____________________________________________________________________ table 5. peripheral register bit functions register bit register 1 51 41 31 21 11 09876543210 po0 po0.7 po0.6 po0.5 po0.4 po0.3 po0.2 po0.1 po0.0 po1 po1.6 po1.5 po1.4 po1.3 po1.2 po1.1 po1.0 ei0 i t 0e x 0i e 0 pi0 pi0.7 pi0.6 pi0.5 pi0.4 pi0.3 pi0.2 pi0.1 pi0.0 pi1 pi1.6 pi1.5 pi1.4 pi1.3 pi1.2 pi1.1 pi1.0 pwcn rstd refo lbf lbie lbde bod wutc xte wtcs wtf wte wut wt19 wt18 wt17 wt16 wt15 wt14 wt13 wt12 wt11 wt10 wt9 wt8 wt7 wt6 wt5 wt4 pd0 pd0.7 pd0.6 pd0.5 pd0.4 pd0.3 pd0.2 pd0.1 pd0.0 pd1 pd1.6 pd1.5 pd1.4 pd1.3 pd1.2 pd1.1 pd1.0 ken0 ken0.7 ken0.6 ken0.5 ken0.4 ken0.3 ken0.2 ken0.1 ken0.0 ken1 ken1.6 ken1.5 ken1.4 ken1.3 ken1.2 ken1.1 ken1.0 icdf pss1 pss0 spe txc cmpc cmon ecmf cmf cmm ecmo cmo cpol exrf t2cna et2 t2oe0 t2pol0 tr2l tr2 cprl2 ss2 g2en t2h t2v.15 t2v.14 t2v.13 t2v.12 t2v.11 t2v.10 t2v.9 t2v.8 t2rh t2r.15 t2r.14 t2r.13 t2r.12 t2r.11 t2r.10 t2r.9 t2r.8 t2ch t2c.15 t2c.14 t2c.13 t2c.12 t2c.11 t2c.10 t2c.9 t2c.8 t2cnb et2l t2oe1 t2pol1 tr2l tf2 tcc2 tf2l tc2l t2v t2v.15 t2v.14 t2v.13 t2v.12 t2v.11 t2v.10 t2v.9 t2v.8 t2v.7 t2v.6 t2v.5 t2v.4 t2v.3 t2v.2 t2v.1 t2v.0 t2r t2r.15 t2r.14 t2r.13 t2r.12 t2r.11 t2r.10 t2r.9 t2r.8 t2r.7 t2r.6 t2r.5 t2r.4 t2r.3 t2r.2 t2r.1 t2r.0 t2c t2c.15 t2c.14 t2c.13 t2c.12 t2c.11 t2c.10 t2c.9 t2c.8 t2c.7 t2c.6 t2c.5 t2c.4 t2c.3 t2c.2 t2c.1 t2c.0 t2cfg div2 div1 div0 t2md ccf1 ccf0 c/t2 downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver ____________________________________________________________________ 15 table 6. peripheral register reset values register bit register 1 51 41 31 21 11 09876543210 po0 11111111 po1 01111111 ei0 00000000 pi0 ssssssss pi1 0sssssss pwcn 00sss00s wutc 00000000 w u t 0000000000000000 pd0 00000000 pd1 00000000 ken0 00000000 ken1 00000000 icdf 0000sss0 cmpc 00100000 t2cna 00000000 t2h 00000000 t2rh 00000000 t2ch 00000000 t2cnb 00000000 t 2 v 0000000000000000 t 2 r 0000000000000000 t 2 c 0000000000000000 t2cfg 00000000 downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver 16 ____________________________________________________________________ system timing for maximum versatility, the MAXQ3212 generates itsinternal system clock from several sources: external clock source, including low-cost operation from 3.58mhz ?olorburst?crystal external crystal or ceramic resonator, using the internal oscillator external rc, using the internal relaxation oscillator internal ring oscillator a crystal warmup counter enhances operational relia-bility. each time the external crystal oscillation must restart, such as after exiting stop mode, the device initi- ates a crystal warmup period of 65,536 oscillations. this allows time for the crystal amplitude and frequency to stabilize before using it as a clock source. while in the warmup mode, the device operates from the inter- nal 8khz ring oscillator and can optionally switch back to the crystal as soon as the warmup period expires. MAXQ3212 glitch-free mux glitch-free mux div 1div 2 div 4 div 8 div 256 clock divider clock selector watchdog timer clock reset stop por rc oscillator kill rc clk x-dog startup timer xt clk rgmdxt/rc done reset stop xte rgsl xt/rc systemclock crystal/ resonator oscillator kill stoprgsl internal nano-ring oscillator rgsl rgmd reset rwt ewt ewdi figure 2. clock sources downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver ____________________________________________________________________ 17 power management advanced power-management features minimizepower consumption by dynamically matching the pro- cessing speed of the device to the required perfor- mance level. this means device operation can be slowed and power consumption minimized during peri- ods of reduced activity. when more processing power is required, the microcontroller can increase its operat- ing frequency. software-selectable clock-divide opera- tions allow flexibility, selecting whether a system clock cycle (sysclk) is 1, 2, 4, or 8 oscillator cycles. by per- forming this function in software, a lower power state can be entered without the cost of additional hardware. for extremely power-sensitive applications, additional low-power modes are available. divide-by-256 power-management mode (pmm) (pmme = 1, cd1:0 = 00b) stop mode (stop = 1) in pmm, one system clock is 256 oscillator cycles, sig- nificantly reducing power consumption while the micro- controller functions at reduced speed. the optional switchback feature allows enabled interrupt sources including external interrupts to quickly exit the power- management modes and return to a faster internal clock rate. power consumption reaches its minimum in stop mode. in this mode the external oscillator, system clock, and all processing activity is halted. stop mode is exited when an enabled external interrupt pin is triggered, the enabled wake-up timer expires, or an external reset signal is applied to the reset pin. upon exiting stop mode, the microcontroller starts execution immediatelyfrom its internal 8khz (approximately) ring oscillator while the warmup period completes. interrupts multiple reset sources are available for quick response tointernal and external events. the maxq architecture uses a single interrupt vector (iv), single interrupt-service rou- tine (isr) design. for maximum flexibility, interrupts can be enabled globally, individually, or by module. when an interrupt condition occurs, its individual flag is set, even if the interrupt source is disabled at the local, module, or global level. interrupt flags must be cleared within the user-interrupt routine to avoid repeated interrupts from the same source. application software must ensure a delay between the write to the flag and the reti instruc- tion to allow time for the interrupt hardware to remove the internal interrupt condition. asynchronous interrupt flags require a one-instruction delay and synchronous interrupt flags require a two-instruction delay. when an enabled interrupt is detected, software jumpsto a user-programmable interrupt vector location. the iv register defaults to 0000h on reset or power-up, so if it is not changed to a different address, the user pro- gram must determine whether a jump to 0000h came from a reset or interrupt source. once software control has been transferred to the isr, the interrupt identification register (iir) can be used to determine if a system register or peripheral register was the source of the interrupt. the specified module can then be interrogated for the specific interrupt source and software can take appropriate action. because the interrupts are evaluated by user software, the user can define a unique interrupt priority scheme for each application. the following interrupt sources are available. watchdog interrupt external interrupt 0 timer 2 low compare, low overflow, capture/ compare, and overflow interrupts analog comparator interrupt wake-up interrupt reset sources several reset sources are provided for microcontrollercontrol. although code execution is halted in the reset state, the high-frequency oscillator and the ring oscilla- tor continue to oscillate. power-on reset/brownout reset an internal power-on reset circuit enhances system reli-ability. this circuit forces the device to perform a power-on reset whenever a rising voltage on v dd climbs above approximately v rst . additionally, the device performs a brownout reset whenever v dd drops below v rst , a feature that can be optionally disabled in stop mode. the following events occur during a power-on reset. all registers and circuits enter their power-on reset state i/o pins revert to their reset state, with logic-1 states tracking v dd the power-on reset flag is set to indicate the source of the reset the ring oscillator becomes the clock source the external high-speed oscillator begins its warmup code execution begins at location 8000h downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver 18 ____________________________________________________________________ watchdog timer reset the watchdog timer functions are described in the maxq family user? guide . software can determine if a reset is caused by a watchdog timeout by checkingthe watchdog timer reset flag (wtrf) in the wdcn register. execution resumes at location 8000h following a watchdog timer reset. external system reset asserting the external reset pin low causes the device to enter the reset state. the external reset func-tions as described in the maxq family user? guide . execution resumes at location 8000h after the reset pin is released. the external system reset function isenabled by default on a power-on reset, but can be disabled and the pin used as general-purpose i/o by setting the reset pin disable (rstd) bit. the system designer is cautioned not to disable the reset pin early in the software as it could disable future jtag access and/or bootloader capability. i/o ports the microcontroller uses a form of type d bidirectionali/o pins described in the maxq family user? guide . each port has eight independent, general-purpose i/opins and three configure/control registers. many pins support alternate functions such as timers or interrupts, which are enabled, controlled, and monitored by dedi- cated peripheral registers. using the alternate function automatically converts the pin to that function. the i/o pins on this device employ an optional ?eeper?latch that helps to maintain the input pin state in the absence of external drive sources. port 0.7 is a special pin with a stronger pulldown capa- bility to drive devices such as leds. it operates and is configured the same as other pins. type d port pins have schmitt trigger receivers and full cmos output drivers, and can support special functions. the pin is either tri-stated or weak pullup when defined as an input, dependent on the state of the corresponding bit in the output register. one pin of the device has interrupt capability. MAXQ3212 pd.x sf direction sf enable mux mux po.x v ddio sf output v dd weak i/o pad pin.x interrupt flag flag pi.x or sf input eies.x detect circuit figure 3. type d port pin schematic downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver ____________________________________________________________________ 19 programmable timer the microcontroller incorporates one 16-bit program-mable timer/counter. the type 2 timer (timer 2) can be used in counter/timer/capture/compare/pwm functions, allowing precise control of internal and external events. it also supports optional single-shot, external gating, and polarity control options. timer 2 the timer 2 peripheral includes the following: 16-bit auto-reload timer/counter 16-bit capture 16-bit counter 8-bit capture and 8-bit timer 8-bit counter and 8-bit timer wake-up timer the microcontroller includes a simple 20-bit wake-uptimer that can be used to measure long intervals. the user-selectable timer period can be used to generate a long-period interrupt or wake the device out of stop mode. the timer can be clocked from either the cur- rently active system clock or the 8khz ring oscillator. in stop mode, only the 8khz ring oscillator is available as the wake-up timer clock source. as an interrupt, the feature increases overall performance by reducing many shorter timer interruptions to a single interrupt to measure the same long period. when used in stop mode, it provides the energy savings of the lowest power mode with periodic wake-up ability. watchdog timer an internal watchdog timer greatly increases systemreliability. the timer resets the device if software execu- tion is disturbed. the watchdog timer is a free-running counter designed to be periodically reset by the appli- cation software. if software is operating correctly, the counter is periodically reset and never reaches its max- imum count. however, if software operation is interrupt- ed, the timer does not reset, triggering a system resetand optionally a watchdog timer interrupt. this protects the system against electrical noise or electrostatic dis- charge (esd) upsets that could cause uncontrolled processor operation. the internal watchdog timer is an upgrade to older designs with external watchdog devices, reducing system cost and simultaneously increasing reliability. the watchdog timer is controlled through bits in the wdcn register. its timeout period can be set to one of four programmable intervals ranging from 2 12 to 2 21 system clocks in its default clock mode, allowing flexi-bility to support different types of applications. the interrupt occurs 512 system clocks before the reset, allowing the system to execute an interrupt and place the system in a known, safe state before the device performs a total system reset. at 3.58mhz, watchdog timeout periods can be programmed from 1.14ms to 149.94s, depending on the system clock mode. analog comparator the analog comparator is a 1-bit, analog-to-digitalcomparator. the comparator input can be connected to a wide range of peripherals, including chemical sen- sors and motion or proximity detectors, or any other appropriate analog input. the comparator measures the analog input against either an external voltage ref- erence or the internal +2.5v reference. when the level on the comparator input, cmpi, rises above the select- ed voltage reference, the cmo bit in the cmpc register is changed to the desired level. the device then responds by asserting an external signal and/or activat- ing an internal interrupt request. the polarity of the external signal asserted is programmable. when not in use, the pins associated with the comparator are usable as general-purpose i/o. in addition, the +2.5v reference is configurable to be output on the v ref pin. this provides an absolute volt- age reference for use with data converters or other pre-cision devices. downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver 20 ____________________________________________________________________ cpol 01 v ref (p0.4) exrf cmon cmon system clock stop cmf interrupt request cmon (v+ > v-) ref0 stop 01 01 cmpi (p0.5) gain = 1 v out cmmecmf ref0exrf cmon stop v in enable +2.5v reference generator +2.5v bandgap reference d q > q set ecmo 01 cmpo (p0.3) figure 4. MAXQ3212 analog comparator downloaded from: http:///
in-circuit debug embedded debugging capability is available throughthe jtag-compatible test access port. embedded debug hardware and embedded rom firmware pro- vide in-circuit debugging capability to the user applica- tion, eliminating the need for an expensive in-circuit emulator. figure 5 shows a block diagram of the in-cir- cuit debugger. the in-circuit debug features include: hardware debug engine set of registers able to set breakpoints on register, code, or data accesses set of debug service routines stored in the utility rom the embedded hardware debug engine is an indepen-dent hardware block in the microcontroller. the debug engine can monitor internal activities and interact with selected internal registers while the cpu is executing user code. collectively, the hardware and software fea- tures allow two basic modes of in-circuit debugging: background mode allows the host to configure and set up the in-circuit debugger while the cpu contin-ues to execute the application software at full speed. debug mode can be invoked from back- ground mode. debug mode allows the debug engine to take con- trol of the cpu, providing read/write access to inter-nal registers and memory, and single-step trace operation. applications information grounds and bypassing careful pc board layout significantly minimizes crosstalkamong the reference input, comparator outputs, and dig- ital inputs. keep digital and analog lines separate, and use ground traces as shields between them where pos- sible. separate cmpi and v ref from each other by run- ning a ground trace between these pins. bypass v dd with a capacitor as low as 1? and keep bypass capaci-tor leads short for best noise rejection. applications the low-power, high-performance risc architecture ofthe MAXQ3212 makes it an excellent fit for many portable or battery-powered applications that require cost-effective computing. the analog comparator can function as an analog-to-digital converter (adc) when simple analog measurements are necessary, and the high-current i/o pin can drive a power or status led. this device can also be used as a low-cost adc. the single-slope conversion method can be easily imple- mented using the internal comparator and an internal timer. the basic implementation of such a converter is illustrated below. one of the benefits of this approach is the small number of external components required: the transistor creates a constant current source, a ramp capacitor times the conversion, and a resistor and capacitor on the comparator input acting as a simple filter. the result is the addition of a/d capability to the end system at virtually no additional cost. MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver ____________________________________________________________________ 21 tap controller cpu debug engine debug service routines (utility rom) tms tck tdi tdo control breakpoint address data MAXQ3212 figure 5. in-circuit debugger downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver 22 ____________________________________________________________________ additional documentation designers must have four documents to fully use all thefeatures of this device. this data sheet contains pin descriptions, feature overviews, and electrical specifi- cations. errata sheets contain deviations from pub- lished specifications. the user? guides offer detailed information about device features and operation. the MAXQ3212 data sheet, which contains electri- cal/timing specifications and pin descriptions, avail-able at www.maxim-ic.com/MAXQ3212 . the MAXQ3212 errata sheet for the specific device revision, available at www.maxim-ic.com/errata . the maxq family user? guide , which contains detailed information on core features and operation,including programming, available at www.maxim- ic.com/maxqug . the maxq family user? guide: maxq3210/ MAXQ3212 supplement , which contains detailed information on features specific to the MAXQ3212,available at www.maxim-ic.com/maxq32xxsup . development and technical support a variety of highly versatile, affordably priced develop-ment tools for this microcontroller are available from maxim and third-party suppliers, including: compilers in-circuit emulators integrated development environments (ides) jtag-to-serial converters for programming and debugging a partial list of development tool vendors can be foundat www.maxim-ic.com/maxq_tools . for technical support, go to www.maxim-ic.com/support . revision history rev 0; 5/06: original release. downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver ____________________________________________________________________ 23 typical operating circuit v dd px.x (configured for edge interrupt) 1k systemstatus led hfxin 22pf 3.5795mhz 22pf 5v 5v real-time event monitor analog sensor hfxout gnd p0.7/led cmpi px.x user input MAXQ3212 + denotes a pb-free/rohs-compliant package. ordering information part temp range nominal v dd (v) memory pin-package MAXQ3212-ejx -40? to +85? 5 1kword eeprom 24 tssop MAXQ3212-ejx+ -40? to +85? 5 1kword eeprom 24 tssop MAXQ3212-emx -40? to +85? 5 1kword eeprom 24 pdip MAXQ3212-emx+ -40? to +85? 5 1kword eeprom 24 pdip downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver 24 ____________________________________________________________________ package information (the package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. for the latest package outline info rmation go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages .) tssop4.40mm.eps package outline, tssop 4.40mm body 21-0066 1 1 i downloaded from: http:///
MAXQ3212 microcontroller with analog comparator and led driver maxim cannot assume responsibility for use of any circuitry other than circuitry entirely embodied in a maxim product. no circuit patent licenses are implied. maxim reserves the right to change the circuitry and specifications without notice at any time. maxim integrated products, 120 san gabriel drive, sunnyvale, ca 94086 408-737-7600 ____________________ 25 2006 maxim integrated products printed usa is a registered trademark of maxim integrated products, inc. is a registered trademark of dallas semiconductor corporation. marichu quijano package information (continued) (the package drawing(s) in this data sheet may not reflect the most current specifications. for the latest package outline info rmation go to www.maxim-ic.com/packages .) pdipn.eps downloaded from: http:///

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